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Anglo-Irish ((アイルランド語:Angla-Éireannach)) was a term used primarily in the 19th and early 20th centuries to identify a privileged social class in Ireland, whose members were mostly the descendants and successors of the Protestant Ascendancy.〔(''The Anglo-Irish'', Fidelma Maguire, University College Cork ) and Donnchadh Ó Corráin〕 They mostly belonged to the Anglican Church of Ireland, which was the established church of Ireland until 1871, or to a lesser extent one of the English dissenting churches, such as the Methodist church. Its members tended to follow English practices in matters of culture, science, law, agriculture and politics. Many became eminent as administrators in the British Empire and as senior army and naval officers. The term is not usually applied to Presbyterians in the province of Ulster, whose ancestry is mostly Scottish, rather than English, and who are generally identified as "Ulster-Scots." In the United States, people who identify with the Ulster-Scots are usually called "Scotch-Irish."〔Maldwyn Jones, "Scotch-Irish" in Stephen Thernstrom, ed., ''Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups'' (Cambridge, Massachusetts: 1988), pp. 895-907〕〔Michael Montgomery, ("Scotch-Irish or Scots-Irish: What's in a Name?" ) ''Tennessee Ancestors'' 20, 143-50 (2004)〕 == Anglo-Irish social class == The term "Anglo-Irish" is often applied to the members of the Church of Ireland who made up the professional and landed class in Ireland from the 17th century up to the time of Irish independence in the 20th century. In the course of the 17th century, this Anglo-Irish landed class replaced the Gaelic Irish and Old English aristocracies as the ruling class in Ireland. They were also referred to as "New English" to distinguish them from the "Old English" who descended from the medieval Hiberno-Norman settlers. A larger but less socially prominent element of the Protestant Irish population were the immigrant French Huguenots and the English and Scottish dissidents who settled in Ireland in the 17th and 18th centuries, many of whom later emigrated to the American colonies. Under the Penal Laws, which were in force between the 17th and 19th centuries (although enforced with varying degrees of severity), Roman Catholic recusants in Great Britain and Ireland were barred from holding public office, while in Ireland they were also barred from entry to the University of Dublin and from professions such as law, medicine, and the military. The lands of the recusant Roman Catholic landed gentry who refused to take the prescribed oaths were largely confiscated during the Plantations of Ireland, and the rights of Roman Catholics to inherit landed property were severely restricted. Those who converted to the Church of Ireland were usually able to keep or regain their lost property, as the issue was primarily one of allegiance. In the late 18th century the Parliament of Ireland in Dublin won legislative independence, and the movement for the repeal of the Test Acts began. The Anglo-Irish social class was usually of mixed English and Irish or Welsh ancestry. Members of this ruling class commonly identified themselves as Irish,〔(''The Anglo-Irish'', Movements for Political & Social Reform, 1870–1914, Multitext Projects in Irish History, University College Cork )〕 while retaining English habits in politics, commerce, and culture. They participated in the popular English sports of the day, particularly racing and fox hunting, and intermarried with the ruling classes in Great Britain. Many of the more successful of them spent much of their careers either in Great Britain or in some part of the British Empire. Many constructed large country houses, which became known in Ireland as Big Houses, and these became symbolic of the class' dominance in Irish society. The Dublin working class playwright Brendan Behan, a staunch Irish Republican, saw the Anglo-Irish as Ireland's leisure class and famously defined an Anglo-Irishman as "a Protestant with a horse". The Anglo-Irish novelist and short story writer Elizabeth Bowen memorably described her experience as feeling "English in Ireland, Irish in England" and not accepted fully as belonging to either.〔Paul Poplowski, ("Elizabeth Bowen (1899-1973)," ) ''Encyclopedia of Literary Modernism'', (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2003), pp. 26–28. ISBN 0-313-31017-3〕 Due to their prominence in the military and their conservative politics, the Anglo-Irish have been compared to the Prussian Junker class by, among others, Correlli Barnett.〔"Roberts, Kitchener and Wolesley were three national heroes of the nineteenth century whom Correlli Barnett sees as prime examples of the Anglo-Irish gentry, "the nearest thing Britain ever possessed to the Prussian Junker class". Desmond and Jean Bowen, ''Heroic Option: the Irish in the British Army'', Pen & Sword, Barnsley, 2005.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anglo-Irish people」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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